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And to whom alcohol is contraindicated: a detailed review of contraindications and risks

Alcohol, being a psychoactive substance, has a complex and multifaceted effect on the human body. Although the use of alcohol in moderate quantities can be socially acceptable and even associated with some cultures, it is important to understand that it carries certain risks and has clear contraindications. Failure to comply with these contraindications can lead to serious health problems, aggravation of existing diseases, and even death. This article is a comprehensive review of persons who are contraindicated in alcohol, as well as risks associated with its use in the presence of certain conditions and factors.

I. Contraindications associated with age and physiological features:

  1. Children and adolescents:

    • Underdeveloped liver: In children and adolescents, the liver is not yet fully formed and is not able to effectively metabolize alcohol. This leads to a higher concentration of alcohol in the blood and a more pronounced toxic effect on the body.
    • Developing brain: Alcohol negatively affects the development of the brain, especially on the area responsible for memory, training and decision -making. The use of alcohol in adolescence can lead to irreversible brain damage and increased risk of alcohol dependence in the future.
    • Increased vulnerability to addictions: The brain of adolescents is more susceptible to the development of addictions, including alcohol. The early beginning of alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of alcoholism.
    • Injuries and accidents: The use of alcohol increases the risk of injuries, accidents, fights and other dangerous situations. Teenagers who are intoxicated intoxicated are more likely to commit rash acts and endanger themselves.
    • Legal consequences: The use of alcohol minors is illegal in many countries and entails legal liability.

  2. Pregnancy:

    • Fetal alcoholic syndrome (FAS): Alcohol freely penetrates through the placenta and has a teratogenic effect on the fetus. FAS is a range of violations, including physical defects, mental retardation, problems with behavior and training.
    • Increased risk of miscarriage and premature birth: The use of alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, premature birth and the birth of a dead child.
    • Disorders of the development of organs and systems of the fetus: Alcohol can negatively affect the development of all organs and systems of the fetus, including the heart, brain, kidneys and liver.
    • There is no safe dose of alcohol during pregnancy: Even small doses of alcohol can harm the developing fruit. Therefore, pregnant women should completely refrain from drinking alcohol.

  3. Breastfeeding period:

    • Alcohol penetration into breast milk: Alcohol quickly penetrates the breast milk and is transmitted to the baby.
    • Influence on the development of the child: Alcohol can negatively affect the development of the brain, sleep and behavior of the child.
    • Reducing milk production: Alcohol consumption can reduce breast milk production.
    • It is not recommended to drink alcohol during breastfeeding: If a woman still drinks alcohol, she should wait at least 2-3 hours after consumption before feeding a child.

  4. Elderly people:

    • Decrease in alcohol metabolism: With age, the liver less effectively metabolizes alcohol, which leads to a higher concentration of alcohol in the blood and a longer intoxication period.
    • Increased sensitivity to alcohol: Older people are more sensitive to the effects of alcohol on the brain and nervous system.
    • Interaction with drugs: Older people often take several drugs, and alcohol can interact with these drugs, enhancing their side effects or reducing their effectiveness.
    • The risk of falls and injuries: Alcohol worsens coordination and balance, which increases the risk of falls and injuries in older people.
    • The aggravation of chronic diseases: Alcohol can aggravate chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and osteoporosis.

II. Contraindications associated with diseases and health status:

  1. Liver diseases:

    • Cirrhosis: Alcohol is the main cause of cirrhosis. The use of alcohol with liver cirrhosis accelerates the progression of the disease and increases the risk of complications, such as liver encephalopathy, bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and liver failure.
    • Hepatitis: Alcohol can cause or aggravate hepatitis, inflammation of the liver. Alcoholic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver failure.
    • Liver fatty disease: Alcohol can lead to the development of fatty liver disease, which can progress to steatogepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.

  2. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract:

    • Gastritis and stomach ulcer: Alcohol irritates the mucous membrane of the stomach and can aggravate gastritis and stomach ulcer.
    • Pancreatitis: Alcohol is one of the main causes of pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas. Alcoholic pancreatitis can be acute or chronic and can lead to serious complications, such as diabetes and pancreatic deficiency.
    • Inflammatory diseases of the intestine (BCC): Alcohol can aggravate the symptoms of BCC, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

  3. Cardiovascular diseases:

    • Hypertension: Alcohol can increase blood pressure. The use of alcohol for hypertension increases the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.
    • Cardiomyopathy: Alcohol can cause cardiomyopathy, a disease in which the heart muscle weakens and cannot effectively pump blood. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure.
    • Arrhythmias: Alcohol can cause arrhythmias, irregular heartbeat. The use of alcohol for arrhythmias can increase the risk of stroke and sudden death.
    • Corny heart (coronary heart disease): Although moderate alcohol consumption can have a certain protective effect against coronary heart disease, excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of IBS and its complications.

  4. Endocrine diseases:

    • Diabetes sugar: Alcohol can affect blood sugar. The use of alcohol in diabetes requires special caution and control of blood sugar.
    • Thyroid diseases: Alcohol can affect the function of the thyroid gland. The use of alcohol for diseases of the thyroid gland can aggravate the symptoms of the disease.

  5. Mental disorders:

    • Depression: Alcohol is a depressant and can aggravate the symptoms of depression. The use of alcohol in depression increases the risk of suicide.
    • Alarm disorders: Alcohol can initially reduce the alarm, but over time it can aggravate anxiety disorders.
    • Bipolar disorder: Alcohol can destabilize the mood with bipolar disorder and increase the risk of manic and depressive episodes.
    • Schizophrenia: Alcohol can aggravate the symptoms of schizophrenia and reduce the effectiveness of drugs.
    • Alcoholism and drug addiction: The use of alcohol is contraindicated for people suffering from alcoholism or other narcotic dependencies, as the relapse can provoke.

  6. Neurological diseases:

    • Epilepsy: Alcohol can provoke convulsions in people suffering from epilepsy.
    • Migraine: Alcohol can cause migraine in some people.
    • Parkinson’s disease: Alcohol can aggravate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
    • Scattered sclerosis: Alcohol can aggravate the symptoms of multiple sclerosis.

  7. Oncological diseases:

    • Increased risk of cancer development: Alcohol is a carcinogen and increases the risk of developing cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver, breast and colon.
    • Prediction deterioration: The use of alcohol during cancer treatment can reduce the effectiveness of treatment and worsen the prognosis.

  8. Other diseases and conditions:

    • Alcohol allergies: Some people may have allergies to alcohol or ingredients contained in alcoholic beverages.
    • Taking certain drugs: Alcohol can interact with many drugs, enhancing their side effects or reducing their effectiveness. It is important to consult a doctor or a pharmacist about the interaction of alcohol with the drugs taken.
    • Alcohol intolerance: Some people may have alcohol intolerance caused by a deficiency of enzymes necessary for alcohol metabolism.

III. Situational contraindications:

  1. Driving vehicles: The use of alcohol reduces the reaction, coordination and attention, which significantly increases the risk of traffic accidents. Driving in a state of intoxication is illegal and extremely dangerous.
  2. Mechanism management: The use of alcohol worsens coordination and attention, which makes the control of complex mechanisms and equipment dangerous.
  3. Work requiring concentration of attention and quick reaction: The use of alcohol reduces the concentration of attention and worsens the reaction, which can lead to errors and accidents at work.
  4. Making important decisions: The use of alcohol worsens the ability to logical thinking and decision -making.
  5. Situations requiring physical strength and endurance: Alcohol reduces physical strength and endurance.
  6. Long distances travel: The use of alcohol can aggravate the symptoms of dehydration and jetla during travel.
  7. Sports: The use of alcohol reduces physical strength, endurance and coordination, which can lead to injuries during sports.

IV. Genetic factors:

  1. Genetic predisposition to alcoholism: Some people have a genetic predisposition to the development of alcoholism. The presence of genetic factors increases the risk of alcohol dependence when drinking alcohol.
  2. Deficiency of enzymes that metabolizing alcohol: Some people may have a deficiency of enzymes necessary for alcohol metabolism, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADG) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDG). The deficiency of these enzymes leads to a higher concentration of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood, which causes unpleasant symptoms, such as redness of the face, nausea and headache.

V. Social and psychological factors:

  1. The history of alcoholism in the family: The presence of alcoholism in the family increases the risk of alcohol dependence in humans.
  2. Traumatic experience: People who have experienced traumatic experience are more likely to use alcohol as a way to cope with pain and stress.
  3. Social pressure: Social pressure from peers and culture can contribute to the use of alcohol.
  4. Low self-esteem: People with low self -esteem can use alcohol to increase self -confidence and reduce anxiety.
  5. Relationships problems: Problems in relationships can lead to alcohol as a way to cope with emotional pain.

VI. The consequences of alcohol consumption in the presence of contraindications:

  1. Exposure of diseases: The use of alcohol in the presence of contraindications can aggravate existing diseases and lead to the development of complications.
  2. Damage to organs and systems: Alcohol has a toxic effect on many organs and systems of the body, especially on the liver, brain and heart.
  3. Development of alcohol dependence: The use of alcohol in the presence of risk factors for the development of alcoholism can lead to the formation of alcohol dependence.
  4. Injuries and accidents: The use of alcohol increases the risk of injuries and accidents.
  5. Death: In some cases, the use of alcohol in the presence of contraindications can lead to death.

VII. Alternatives to drink alcohol:

For people who are contraindicated in alcohol, there are many alternative drinks and ways to relax and spend time with friends and relatives:

  1. Soft drinks: There is a wide selection of soft drinks, including non -alcoholic beer, wine and cocktails.
  2. Herbal teas: Herbal teas can be a great way to relax and relieve stress.
  3. Exercise: Exercise can help improve mood and reduce stress.
  4. Meditation and yoga: Meditation and yoga can help relax and improve mental health.
  5. Communication with friends and relatives: Communication with friends and relatives can help relieve stress and improve mood.
  6. Hobbies and hobbies: Hobbies and hobbies can help to distract from problems and enjoy.

VIII. The importance of consulting a doctor:

Before drinking alcohol, especially in the presence of any diseases or health conditions, it is necessary to consult a doctor. The doctor can evaluate the risks and contraindications, as well as give recommendations on the safe use of alcohol or advise completely abandoning its use.

IX. Conclusion:

The use of alcohol carries certain risks and has clear contraindications. It is important to know these contraindications and observe them in order to avoid serious health problems. If you have any doubts about the use of alcohol, consult a doctor. Remember that health is the most valuable thing you have, and it must be protected.

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This detailed article provides a comprehensive overview of the contraindications to alcohol consumption, covering various aspects from age and physiological factors to diseases, situational limitations, genetic predispositions, and social influences. It highlights the importance of individual assessment and professional medical advice before consuming alcohol, offering alternative options for those who are restricted from doing so.

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